Authorization/middleware/jwt.go

package middleware

import (
	"authorization/helper"
	"authorization/models"
	"authorization/redisclient"
	"context"
	"crypto/rsa"
	"crypto/x509"
	"encoding/json"
	"encoding/pem"
	"fmt"
	"log"
	"net/http"
	"os"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/golang-jwt/jwt/v5"
)

const (
	claimsKey models.ContextKey = "claims"
	userIDKey models.ContextKey = "user_id"
	roleIDKey models.ContextKey = "role_id"
)

var (
	// Cache RSA public key to avoid repeated file reads
	rsaPublicKeyOnce   sync.Once
	rsaPublicKeyCached *rsa.PublicKey
	rsaPublicKeyError  error

	// Pre-allocate error messages to avoid repeated allocations
	errExpiredToken = "Invalid or expired token" // #nosec G101

	// Redis key prefix for token cache
	redisTokenPrefix = "jwt:token:"
)

func getRSAPublicKey() (*rsa.PublicKey, error) {
	rsaPublicKeyOnce.Do(func() {
		log.Print("Loading RSA public key from PEM certificate file")

		// Read PEM file - use path relative to executable or try both common paths
		pemData, err := os.ReadFile("rsa/ServerCertificate.pem")
		if err != nil {
			// Try alternate path when running tests from subdirectory
			pemData, err = os.ReadFile("../rsa/ServerCertificate.pem")
			if err != nil {
				rsaPublicKeyError = fmt.Errorf("failed to read PEM file: %w", err)
				log.Printf("Error reading PEM file: %v", rsaPublicKeyError)
				return
			}
		}
		log.Print("PEM file successfully read")

		// Parse PEM blocks to find the certificate
		var certBlock *pem.Block
		for {
			block, rest := pem.Decode(pemData)
			if block == nil {
				break
			}
			if block.Type == "CERTIFICATE" {
				certBlock = block
				log.Print("Certificate block found in PEM file")
				break
			}
			pemData = rest
		}

		if certBlock == nil {
			rsaPublicKeyError = fmt.Errorf("no certificate block found in PEM file")
			log.Printf("Error: %v", rsaPublicKeyError)
			return
		}

		// Parse certificate
		cert, err := x509.ParseCertificate(certBlock.Bytes)
		if err != nil {
			rsaPublicKeyError = fmt.Errorf("failed to parse certificate: %w", err)
			log.Printf("Error parsing certificate: %v", rsaPublicKeyError)
			return
		}
		log.Print("Certificate successfully parsed")

		// Extract RSA public key
		publicKey, ok := cert.PublicKey.(*rsa.PublicKey)
		if !ok {
			rsaPublicKeyError = fmt.Errorf("certificate does not contain RSA public key")
			log.Printf("Error: %v", rsaPublicKeyError)
			return
		}

		rsaPublicKeyCached = publicKey
		log.Printf("RSA public key successfully loaded and cached (key size: %d bits)", publicKey.N.BitLen())
	})
	return rsaPublicKeyCached, rsaPublicKeyError
}

// extractBearerToken extracts token from Authorization header
func extractBearerToken(authHeader string) (string, bool) {
	if authHeader == "" || len(authHeader) < 8 || authHeader[:7] != "Bearer " {
		return "", false
	}
	return authHeader[7:], true
}

// checkTokenCache retrieves token from Redis cache if valid
func checkTokenCache(tokenString string) (*models.Claims, bool) {
	if redisclient.RDB == nil {
		return nil, false
	}

	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
	defer cancel()

	key := redisTokenPrefix + tokenString
	val, err := redisclient.RDB.Get(ctx, key).Result()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, false
	}

	var claims models.Claims
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(val), &claims); err != nil {
		return nil, false
	}

	return &claims, true
}

// removeExpiredCacheEntry removes a single expired token from cache
// func removeExpiredCacheEntry(tokenString string) {
// 	tokenCacheMutex.Lock()
// 	defer tokenCacheMutex.Unlock()
// 	delete(tokenCache, tokenString)
// }

// parseAndValidateToken parses JWT token and validates it using RSA
func parseAndValidateToken(tokenString string) (*models.Claims, error) {
	log.Print("Starting JWT token parsing and verification with RSA")

	token, err := jwt.ParseWithClaims(tokenString, &models.Claims{}, func(token *jwt.Token) (interface{}, error) {
		if _, ok := token.Method.(*jwt.SigningMethodRSA); !ok {
			log.Printf("Token verification failed: unexpected signing method: %v", token.Header["alg"])
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("unexpected signing method: %v", token.Header["alg"])
		}
		log.Print("Token signing method verified: RSA")
		return getRSAPublicKey()
	})

	if err != nil {
		log.Printf("Token parsing failed: %v", err)
		return nil, err
	}

	if !token.Valid {
		log.Print("Token validation failed: token is invalid")
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid token")
	}

	log.Print("Token successfully parsed and validated")

	claims, ok := token.Claims.(*models.Claims)
	if !ok {
		log.Print("Token validation failed: invalid claims structure")
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid claims")
	}

	log.Printf("Token verified successfully for user: (UserID: %s)", claims.UserID)
	return claims, nil
}

// cacheToken stores validated token in Redis cache
func cacheToken(tokenString string, claims *models.Claims) {
	if redisclient.RDB == nil {
		return
	}

	// Calculate TTL
	ttl := 5 * time.Minute
	if claims.ExpiresAt != nil {
		timeUntilExpiry := time.Until(claims.ExpiresAt.Time)
		if timeUntilExpiry > 0 && timeUntilExpiry < ttl {
			ttl = timeUntilExpiry
		}
	}

	// Serialize claims to JSON
	claimsJSON, err := json.Marshal(claims)
	if err != nil {
		return
	}

	// Store in Redis with TTL
	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
	defer cancel()

	key := redisTokenPrefix + tokenString
	redisclient.RDB.Set(ctx, key, claimsJSON, ttl)
}

// JWTAuth is a middleware that validates JWT tokens with caching for high-frequency requests
func JWTAuth(next http.HandlerFunc) http.HandlerFunc {
	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
		// Extract token from header
		tokenString, ok := extractBearerToken(r.Header.Get("Authorization"))
		if !ok {
			helper.RespondWithError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, "Unauthorized")
			return
		}

		// Check cache first
		if claims, found := checkTokenCache(tokenString); found {
			ctx := buildContext(r.Context(), claims)
			next.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
			return
		}

		log.Print("1")
		// Parse and validate token
		claims, err := parseAndValidateToken(tokenString)
		if err != nil {
			helper.RespondWithError(w, http.StatusUnauthorized, errExpiredToken)
			return
		}

		log.Print("2")
		// Cache the validated token
		cacheToken(tokenString, claims)

		// Add claims to context and proceed
		ctx := buildContext(r.Context(), claims)
		next.ServeHTTP(w, r.WithContext(ctx))
	}
}

// buildContext efficiently builds context with claims (reduces allocations)
func buildContext(parent context.Context, claims *models.Claims) context.Context {
	ctx := context.WithValue(parent, claimsKey, claims)
	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, userIDKey, claims.UserID)
	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, roleIDKey, claims.RoleID)
	return ctx
}

// GetClaims retrieves the JWT claims from the request context
func GetClaims(r *http.Request) (*models.Claims, bool) {
	claims, ok := r.Context().Value(claimsKey).(*models.Claims)
	return claims, ok
}

// GetUserID retrieves the user ID from the request context
func GetUserID(r *http.Request) (string, bool) {
	userID, ok := r.Context().Value(userIDKey).(string)
	return userID, ok
}

// GetRole retrieves the role from the request context
func GetRole(r *http.Request) (string, bool) {
	role, ok := r.Context().Value(roleIDKey).(string)
	return role, ok
}